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9. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL). For details about the anatomy of the lungs, take a look at the following: Components that make up the alveolar epithelial lining are: No gas exchange takes place in the bronchi. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. It marks the point at which the costal cartilages of the second rib articulate with the sternum. If the wrong rib is counted, access to the internal chest organs can be difficult. They support the trachea and keep it open during pressure changes that accompany air ventilation. 2005 Sep;78(933):787-90. doi: 10.1259/bjr/75107416. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 04 Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-65324, Case 1: splayed to 160 degrees in a mitral heart, View Joseph Anderson's current disclosures, see full revision history and disclosures, acute unilateral airspace opacification (differential), acute bilateral airspace opacification (differential), acute airspace opacification with lymphadenopathy (differential), chronic unilateral airspace opacification (differential), chronic bilateral airspace opacification (differential), osteophyte induced adjacent pulmonary atelectasis and fibrosis, pediatric chest x-ray in the exam setting, normal chest x-ray appearance of the diaphragm, posterior tracheal stripe/tracheo-esophageal stripe, obliteration of the retrosternal airspace, Anti-Jo-1 antibody-positive interstitial lung disease, leflunomide-induced acute interstitial pneumonia, fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia, cellular non-specific interstitial pneumonia, respiratory bronchiolitisassociated interstitial lung disease, diagnostic HRCT criteria for UIP pattern - ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT (2011), diagnostic HRCT criteria for UIP pattern - Fleischner society guideline (2018), domestically acquired particulate lung disease, lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (formerly non-mucinous BAC), micropapillary predominant adenocarcinoma, invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (formerly mucinous BAC), lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces, primary sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung, large cell neuroendocrine cell carcinoma of the lung, squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) of lung, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung, diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH), calcifying fibrous pseudotumor of the lung, IASLC (International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer) 8th edition (current), IASLC (International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer) 7th edition (superseeded), 1996 AJCC-UICC Regional Lymph Node Classification for Lung Cancer Staging, the tracheal bifurcation angle may be measured either as the interbronchial angle or the subcarinal angle, can have a wide range of normal values and its absolute measurement is of little diagnostic value, widening of the tracheal bifurcation angle is an insensitive and non-specific sign which must be interpreted in correlation with the clinical presentation.