Ancient Sumerians in the Middle East may have been the first people to enter the Bronze Age. When an epidemic spreads beyond a countrys borders, thats when the disease officially becomes a pandemic. Allmand (1998), pp. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. 356; Ozment, p. 165. [20] Norway, on the other hand, became an inferior party of the union and remained united with Denmark until 1814. [89], The introduction of gunpowder affected the conduct of war significantly. A wealthy, powerful and mysterious order read more. 3501; Koenigsberger, p. 232; McKisack, p. 40. [125] As Genoese and Venetian merchants opened up direct sea routes with Flanders, the Champagne fairs lost much of their importance. Plague, famine and sudden death: 10 dangers of the medieval period [31] The emergence of Joan of Arc as a military leader changed the course of war in favour of the French, and the initiative was carried further by King Louis XI. In his 1798 Essay on the Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus asserted that exponential population growth will invariably exceed available resources, making mass death inevitable. History of Europe - The Middle Ages | Britannica Juliana Morell, a 17th-century Spanish Dominican nun, is believed to be the first woman in the Western world to earn a university degree. 112; Koenigsberger, pp. [23] Thus environmental stressors are considered when hypothesizing the deadliness of the Black Plague, such as crop failures due to changes in weather, the subsequent famine, and an influx of host rats into Europe from China. The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. And, though the mass commercial enslavement of Africans has ended, this ideology is in many ways still entrenched in the mentality of many people around the globe. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! [114] The subsequent Hussite Wars fell apart due to internal quarrels and did not result in religious or national independence for the Czechs, but both the Catholic Church and the German element within the country were weakened. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. 3878. Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary, but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire, which was becoming a menace to Europe in the beginning of the 15th century.
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